The z-score for a pair of codes, α and β is expressed as: z_{alphabeta} = frac{o_{alphabeta} - mu_{alphabeta }}{sigma _{alphabeta}}, (1) where (o_{alphabeta}) is the observed number of times the code α appears together with β within a patent (a set) within the actual data.
Figure 3 shows how the UEP profile is practically generated, for lena, using a proper combination of the (left lbrace tilde {r}_{l} right rbrace ) mother codes and with a number of codewords α i′ and β i′, for each pair of codes, as given by (7).
Note that with (αdesign = 0.5,αdecode = 0.5) and (αdesign = 0.5,αdecode = αactual), the same pair of codes have been used for all values of α.
For each pair of coding sequence, the two translation products were aligned using the MUSCLE program [ 111] and the resulting alignment was used as a guide to align the nucleotide sequences.
For each of 29 countries, five regression analyses (one for each pair of coding variables) are fit to the data.
This active fragment pair was identified by creating libraries of M.HhaI gene fragment pairs and then selecting for the pairs that code for an active 5mC methyltransferase.
In the following, we provide simulation results of the bit error rate (BER) over the AWGN channel for some of the codes that appear in Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4. In particular, we consider two code rates, 2/4 and 3/5, and plot the BER versus E b /N0 for two pairs of codes for each rate.
Deletions were screened by PCR by using primer pairs to test for the presence of coding sequences as well as for the recombinant P-element generated by recombination.
Exponential Golomb codes are applied in C2DVLC to code the pairs of the run-length of zero coefficients and the non-zero coefficients for lower storage requirement.
For each SBE gene, 300 base pairs of coding sequences from the cDNA sequence were used as targets as shown in Additional file 1.
Members of the pair conducted coding independently, compared codes, and resolved disagreements by consensus.
