Indeed, a number of studies have stressed the relevance of cardiometabolic risk factors at a young age for the development of CVD in later life [ 10- 13].
In order to investigate this relationship, we used longitudinal data for establishing the possible predictive value of LUTS for the development of CVD in a primary care population.
Dyslipidaemia, that is, a disturbed ratio of S-LDL/HDL cholesterol, may be relevant for the development of CVD in RA patients and appears to be dependent on higher disease activity [ 37- 41].
42 Similarly, our questionnaire may not have effectively captured short sleep length, a component that has been demonstrated as a risk factor for the development of CVD in the Nurses Health Studyy and in a meta-analysis.
This is at variance with most previous reports in which traditional risk factors have usually not been found to be of major importance for the development of CVD in patients with RA [ 5, 10, 12, 13].
A number of risk factors for the development of CVD in RA have been established and these include classic risks such as smoking, hypertension, insulin resistance, body composition alterations, and RA characteristics such as autoantibodies, extra-articular disease, and increased inflammatory burden [ 1, 2].
For this, the HUPO-PSI working groups defined some guidelines for the development of CVs (http://www.psidev.info/node/47).
Furthermore, despite a large cumulative patient exposure to linagliptin, individual patient exposure was for a maximum of 2.2 years, so the time available for the development of CV events, or modulation of CV risk, was limited.
In support, previous studies identified inflammatory activity to be important for the development of CV disease in RA, even after adjustment for traditional CV risk factors [ 21- 24].
Risk factors in childhood create a life-long burden important in the development of cardiovascular (CV) disease in adulthood.
Angpt-2 levels have been found increased in recent onset RA patients with CV disease when compared with those without CV disease [ 97], which suggests that it could be a potential biomarker for the development of CV disease.
