Education City in Qatar, for example, afforded programs established by such universities as Carnegie Mellon, Cornell, Georgetown, Northwestern, Texas A&M, and Virginia Commonwealth.
The welfare state is more generous, too: things that English voters must pay for, such as university tuition and medical prescriptions, are still free in Scotland.
Ms Booth, who was raised in nearby Waterloo, said: "It has been a great privilege to serve as chancellor for such an outstanding university.
Who is going to pay for such an expanded university system?
In America, for-profit universities such as Phoenix have already made inroads into the higher-education business.
The usual places you would ask for guidance, such as universities and established businesses, are male dominated and can feel as though they have other priorities.
FUND managers invest money for two kinds of customer: the retail business, which serves individuals, and the pension funds and endowments (for bodies such as universities and charities), known as institutional clients.
Some special piggy banks have a fourth slot, meant for long-term savings for things such as university expenses or a special trip.
Workplace attachments offer one avenue for such learning and in many universities may be incorporated into research theses.
Others are sponsored by graduate student associations or postdoc associations, who have grant money given to them for such a purpose by the university.
