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Fines for noncompliance are $500 for a first offense, $1,000 for subsequent citations.
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We did not study the effect of self-citation, which may account for up to 20% of subsequent citations [15].
We identify breakthrough inventions as the top 1% of US inventions for a technology during 1975 1984 in terms of subsequent citations.
Then he assessed the quality of the research by counting the number of subsequent citations.
We did not assess self-citation, which has been associated with increased frequency of subsequent citation [15], [16].
Clear discrepancies in publication rate between men and women appear very early in their careers and this has consequences for the subsequent citation of their work.
If this query failed to yield any citations for an article, we conducted a search for the study title to limit misclassification of an article as having zero subsequent citations.
For patents in 'complex' fields, where products rely on numerous patents, including electronics, IT and biotechnology, subsequent citations more than tripled after a patent was invalidated.
When separate groups are responsible for each of these activities, each should be readily identifiable both in the primary publication and in all subsequent citations.
As well, we assumed all subsequent citations to be quantitatively equal and we did not assess the context in which the citation appeared.
Much has been made of that claim in the many subsequent citations of it.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com