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Our previous studies have shown that replacement of the S gene from the avirulent Beaudette isolate with that from a virulent virus (M41) did not restore virulence but did alter the tropism of the rIBV and restore immunogenicity for subsequent challenge with M41.
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"You can't help but conclude that this is an effort to lay a foundation for a subsequent challenge to an Obama victory, should it occur".
50 The subsequent challenge for quality improvement programmes and research is to further explore and evaluate how to develop interventions which can be embedded within primary care systems and consultations to improve population outcomes while preserving patient-centred care.
Priming is a physiological state of enhanced defensive capacity elicited by special stimuli, in which the innate defenses of the plants are potentiated for rapid activation upon subsequent challenge from fungi, bacteria, viruses, or nematodes [ 6].
We used the remains of cecal samples collected upon first capture to cultivate T. tenuis parasite infective larvae for the subsequent challenges (see also Materials and Methods S1).
The high court dismissed their application for judicial review and their subsequent challenge against that ruling was rejected by appeal judges in February 2014.
In animal studies, inactivated vaccines like DTP are associated with a Th2 profile, whereas live vaccines of the same antigens produce a Th1 profile, and this difference is important for the response to a subsequent challenge.
Thus, immune-priming appears to stimulate the mosquito's immune system and prepare it for subsequent Plasmodium challenge, thus making the infected mosquito partially refractory to malarial infection.
Objectives To investigate the effects of human endotoxemia on the immune response elicited by a subsequent challenge with the LAIV Fluenz (surrogate for influenza infection[3]).
Efforts should be made to minimize soil compaction due to its harmful effects on soil pores and subsequent challenges for plant root growth and enhanced runoff of water and nutrients.
Some of the issues with this method are the synthesis time to create the block copolymers, modifying substrate surface energy to create the desired morphology [ 7, 48], and for standard polymer chemistries subsequent challenges with selective ligand attachment to one block but not the other.
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