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The equations with reduction factors for strength and modulus of elasticity were established by regression analysis of the test data.
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Data from tests is utilized to propose empirical relations for variation of strength and modulus of NSM CFRP reinforcement with temperature.
The higher chain entanglement density of the undrawn specimen is the reason for the slopes of strength and modulus versus draw ratio being steeper in the gel-casting method.
This combination of strength and modulus is the highest for any continuous fiber reported to date, and the gel spinning route provides a pathway for further improvements in strength and modulus for mass production of carbon fibers.
The numerical results showed that the representative elementary volume (REV) for strength and deformation modulus is 12 m with an acceptable variation of 10%, and the complete stress strain curves of models greater than REV size were very similar to each other.
The experimental error was within ±1% for tensile strength and modulus, and within ±3% for elongation at break values.
The same approach is applicable for both strength and modulus of elasticity.
Garoushi et al. 2006 [ 16] observed 2 to 5 mm long fibers resulting in similar values for flexural strength and modulus and compressive resistance, although the greatest values obtained in their study were in samples with 5 mm long fibers.
A reasonable criteria for the sectional design was the intersection point between the positive and negative inclination curves for the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity for the D13, D16, and D19 specimens, respectively.
The reinforcements used in composites are generally chosen for their high strength and modulus, as might be expected, but economic considerations often force compromises.
For example, the strength and modulus of PP-flax composites are increased by 103% and 75%, respectively.
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