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More significant differences are found for splitting failure (Fig. 6b).
These tensile stresses are responsible for splitting failure of brittle particles.
For splitting failure, the bond strength of LWC was about 70% that of normal weight concrete (NWC).
The favorable effect of fibers when preventing splitting failures has been revealed to be more important for higher concrete compressive strength values, which require higher concrete cover/diameter ratios for splitting failure to be prevented.
The proposed bond model for splitting failure incorporating the C/D ratio used in the closed-form solution for prediction of the serviceability crack width was found to give good estimation of the experimental results obtained from the full-scale beam tests.
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The ability of several models including the current ACI 318 Building Code, to predict the maximum steel stresses at the onset of splitting failure was examined for these high strength, large diameter bars.
Figure 5 shows the influence of the transverse reinforcement on the bond behavior in case of splitting failure.
Two critical states of crack development and the process of splitting failure slip were obtained.
The failure mode changed from splitting failure at ambient temperature to kinking at the onset of the glass transition temperature.
It has been proved that increasing fiber content restrains the risk of splitting failure.
As proposed by (den Uijl and Bigaj 1996) for the splitting failure the relationship between the radial displacement and the slip s is: varepsilon_{{r,r_{s} }} r_{s} = s tan varphi (31 where φ is the angle between cone surface and bar axis, assumed equal to 0.1 f cm (den Uijl and Bigaj 1996) with f cm the mean compressive strength of the concrete.
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