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For small variance inflation in the second phase pooling seems to be better than the combination strategy.
With regard to power, the results from the simulations indicate that for small variance inflation factors simply pooling the data and ignoring the fact that there are two different variances yields a higher power than using the combination strategy (Fig. 3, 4).
The Gamma prior (labelled Γ) on σ−2 is weakly informative for small variance [ 54], depending on the value of ε, but its conjugacy with the multivariate normal seems to help in avoiding the problem of autocorrelation in successive samples from the Markov chain Monte Carlo.
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Comparing the Monte Carlo verifications, we see that, for small variances, both methods yield designs that have the same discriminative power (versus ).
For small-variance samples, the QTLST has a smaller false-positive rate than the QTLST-EE, but it also has a correspondingly low true-positive rate.
Since the functional forms of these first order correction terms are fixed and unique, corrections to the familiar stationary Gaussian process approximations of probability density and exceedance rate functions are predicted to have fixed functional forms for fractionally small variance fluctuations.
High local intensity variance in windows of 5× 5 pixels served as indicator for the presence of a growing microcolony, that is, there is a high variation of dark and bright pixels for colonies, but only small variance for pixels without colonies.
That made it easier for traders to make money by placing very large orders for very small variances in the price of a stock.
The median observed level of load is very close to the expected one with a very small variance for white noise.
Overall test-retest reliability coefficients indicated substantial agreement for the VAS, with small variance between groups.
The primary aim is not to minimize the loss in the underlying training sample best - resulting in a small model bias - but to get accurate predictions with a small variance for new data.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com