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The authors of those studies concluded that patients were willing to undergo treatment for small survival benefits.
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Non-CRC patients were willing to repeat therapy for smaller survival thresholds than CRC patients.
In the main, these studies indicated that cancer patients accept toxic therapies for smaller survival benefits than do healthy control groups, consisting of doctors, nurses and volunteers [ 7- 11].
One of the reasons cited for the relative small survival benefit for bevacizumab in the NO16966 study was the fact that large proportion of patients (71%) discontinued treatment due to non-progression events (Saltz et al, 2008) with many patients stopping oxaliplatin/fluoropyrimidines and bevacizumab due to adverse events.
There was a screen-detected survival advantage for all prognostic groups when using the unadjusted survival figures except for women in the 4.21<4.38 group where a small survival advantage for women with symptomatic tumours was seen.
This is best illustrated in Figure 2, where there is a small survival benefit for screen detection at each NPI value.
Others have argued that toxicity is transient and some women may accept acute toxicity for the chance of a small survival benefit [15,16].
11 Also, a meta-analysis in 1988 showed similar results, with a small survival benefit for patients receiving adjuvant 5-FU after surgery compared with surgery alone (odds ratio of death: 0.83, 95% confidence interval: 0.70 0.98).
This modelling approach provides the unique advantage to assess the relative long-term morbidities of the two surgical approaches as tradeoffs between improved quality-of-life and potential small survival reduction for SLNB compared with ALND.
Although the numbers of tumours analysed were limited, the observations that the tumours of grade 4 seemed to express less LRIG1 than tumours of lower grades and that a small survival benefit for patients with tumours with high expression of LRIG1 were indicated; this might lend further support to the fact that LRIG1 participates in the oncogenesis of RCC.
Designers asked which elements were essential for small-space survival.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com