First, cis-elements responsible for the seed expression of the endogenous genes could be located outside the regulatory genomic regions considered in this work.
Interestingly, VvHT3 shows the highest similarity with AtSTP7 for which a strong seed expression is also suggested by microarray hybridization data (genevestigator, BAR).
The existing data for whole-seed expression levels in Ws-0 (Seed Gene Network, [ 35]) predicted that expression of MS5-like and CDC48A would increase through development (across globular, heart and elongated cotyledon stages).
Whereas ABREDISTBBNNAPA is required for seed-specific expression and ABA-responsiveness (Ezcurra et al. 2000; Busk and Pages 1997, 1998), the other ABA-responsive CREs -- ABREAZMRAB28 (GCCACGTGGG) and ABREBZMRAB28 (TCCACGTCTC) -- are ABA-responsive element A (ABRE A) and ABA-responsive element B (ABRE B), which occur in the promoter of Rab28 from Zea mays (maize) (Busk and Pages 1997, 1998).
While UAS1 was sufficient for seed-specific expression, UAS2 extended gene activity to the hypocotyl.
Deletion analysis of the pea legA major seed storage protein gene identified a minimal 549 bp upstream flanking sequence that was required for seed-specific expression.
This research has involved the identification of genes for the synthesis of novel fatty acids from non-agronomic species and the subsequent transfer of these genes to crops for seed-specific expression.
Progressive 5′ deletions of the pea lectin (Psl) gene promoter identified a 22 bp element (W1), important for seed-specific expression when coupled as a trimer to a heterologous TATA box.
Strikingly, cis-element scanning in the PLACE database revealed that a cis-element CTAGCTAG, where the RY repeat motif has been found to be essential for seed-specific expression of some storage proteins, was identified to be significantly more enriched in the promoter regions of up-regulated PR genes as compared to other PR genes in IR28 (Table 2).
Total 219 probe sets were identified for seed development whose expression changed at least ten-fold between good and poor quality varieties in at least one of the three condition pairs ('Good-7 DAA' vs 'Poor-7 DAA', 'Good-14 DAA' vs 'Poor-14 Dand, and 'Good-28 DAA' vs 'Poor-28 DAA') (Table 2, see Additional file 3, Figures 1 and 2B).
