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The results support the specialization of the left hemisphere for phonological processing, and the existence of gender differences with respect to these processes.
And a forthcoming study from the Gaab Lab reveals that children with a familial risk of dyslexia who don't develop the disorder use more of the right hemisphere for phonological processing, a strong precursor to reading.
Effects were particularly large for phonological processing.
By making sure that the target and probe words were presented in different cases, we were trying to minimize the visual perceptual influence and the use of "visual features", and to maximize the potential for phonological processing.
Relevant to this, Mainy et al. (2008) distinguished between local gamma oscillation networks located in B44 for phonological processing and in BA45/47 for semantic processing.
They suggest that while BA 44 is essential for phonological processing, activation in the motor regions is probably related to small laryngeal movements that are not essential for the production of inner speech.
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Thus, there was no evidence for the influence of phonological processing on these connections during semantic word matching.
Additionally, deficits in visual attention span may contribute to dyslexia independently of phonological processing skills (for reviews, see Valdois et al. 2004; Vidyasagar and Pammer 2010).
It is important to emphasise that Simulation 2 did have a stage for orthographic processing but orthography is implemented in the form of an intermediate layer of hidden units mediating visual information and generating inputs for the later stage of phonological processing.
Auditory working memory was assessed using the Memory for Digits Forward subtest of the Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing [ 44] and the Memory for Digits Reversed subtest of the Woodcock Johnson Test of Cognitive Abilities [ 45].
In PROMPT, development of phonological processing skills provides an internal validator for subsequent articulation attempts.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com