To test for patterns of population differentiation, the dataset of 231 isolates was divided into two groups comprising clinical (n = 76) and non-clinical (n = 155) isolates.
In turn, this may lead to localized extinctions and recolonizations, with important implications for patterns of genetic differentiation among groups of brown trout (Hansen and Mensberg 1996; Ostergaard et al. 2003).
In this work, we investigated whether putatively adaptive TEs play a role in microgeographic adaptation by looking for patterns of population differentiation in two EC populations separated by 200 m on average.
That argument appeared to resonate with Justice Stephen G. Breyer, who pictured 51 regulators — one from each state and the federal government — poring over a bank's books for statistical patterns of differentiation in setting interest rates.
Endogenous beta-adrenergic input has been hypothesized to control patterns of cellular maturation in sympathetic target tissues by providing a timing signal for patterns of cell replication, differentiation, and responsiveness.
It has been reported that degree of differentiation in quantitative traits (QST) typically exceeds that observed in neutral marker genes (FST) [ 47], suggesting a prominent role for natural selection in accounting for patterns of quantitative trait differentiation among contemporary populations.
Isolation by distance (IBD) as a possible mechanism for the observed patterns of differentiation was evaluated by a Mantel test[ 20] of correlation between genetic and geographic distances using the ade4 statistical package in R (10,000 permutations).
These initial observations suggest a role for natural selection-driving patterns of differentiation and motivate a more thorough analysis of local adaptation detectable with these data.
Both Wang Bi and Guo Xiang use li as a technical term for Wang Bi li refers to the patterns of coherence represented by the hexagrams of the Yi Jing, while for Guo Xiang li refers to patterns of differentiation that spontaneously arise in the world (Ziporyn 2014: 137 84).
To further confirm the involvement of selection in genetic patterns of differentiation, we tested for the drift-migration equilibrium (i.e. isolation by distance pattern) on neutral loci.
