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Longitudinal studies show that of all CP patients, 40 to 75% will still require surgery for pain in the course of the disease [ 3, 8, 30, 31].
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And -- this is very telling, I think -- when placebos are given for pain management, the course of pain relief follows what you would get with an active drug.
The infection of muscles and joints, which contain nerve endings may account for the nociceptive pain observed in the course of human acute infection.
For example, as techniques for managing pain, for titrating the doses of pain-relieving medication, and for delivering analgesic medication have been refined, what might in the past have been an adequate justification for hastening death in the course of pain relief would now fail because current techniques provide the better alternative of managing pain without the risk of hastening death.
Lynch-Jordan et al. [ 30] demonstrated that the rate of change of functional disability was significantly more rapid than the change in pain intensity over the course of psychological treatment for children with chronic pain.
Pain catastrophizing is linked to heightened pain and poorer coping among individuals with chronic pain, yet little is known about how pain catastrophizing associates with sleep and pain over the course of treatment for chronic pain.
The point prevalence for neck pain in the general population of the Netherlands varies between 9% and 22% [ 1, 2], and approximately one-third of all adults will experience neck pain during the course of 1 year [ 3].
Pain drawings have been shown to be reliable instruments over time for evaluation of the course of pain in chronic pain patients [ 4].
A new framework for understanding the course of back pain is proposed.
In conclusion, cognitive and emotional pain perceptions and self-efficacy for coping with pain are associated with changes in disability over the course of acupuncture for LBP.
The selection of these items was mainly based on previous findings concerning predictors for the course of back pain as outlined in the introduction.
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