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Few single countries would meet the academic criteria for optimal currency areas.
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According to the theory of optimal currency areas, which Columbia's Robert Mundell helped to pioneer, for a common currency to succeed its member countries must enjoy similar business cycles, plus they must have a system of risk-sharing and fiscal transfers to help out less competitive countries during a recession.
Even so, there is a worrying lack of the labour mobility that Robert Mundell, the Canadian (like Mr Carney) founder of optimal currency theory, identified over 50 years ago as a crucial ingredient for success.
But such discussions of "optimal currency areas" are academic.
The theory of optimal currency areas was pioneered by Mundell (1961), McKinnon (1963) and Kenen (1969).
These were seen among the conditions for the EMU countries to be part of an "optimal currency area".2.2
Half-a-century after Mundell's original article was published, the most ambitious project yet for a single currency spanning and defying national boundaries remains far from being an optimal currency area, judging by the criterion of labour mobility.
For critics of the euro this only points up how far the zone is from being an "optimal currency area".
Plainly, it is far from being an optimal currency area.
America does not look like an optimal currency area either.
Ten years after adopting a common currency, Europe is still not an optimal currency area.
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