China has one scheme for urban workers, another for non-workers and a third for rural folk, each administered by separate city or county governments.
And since then Conservative ministers have repeatedly implied disdain, or at least a lower priority, for non-workers with references to policies to help "strivers" and "hard-working families".
However, this is not the case for non-workers.
An increase in cigarette prices has a particularly significant and negative effect on smoking probability for non-workers.
Since (4) applies to the population of workers ((x_i) contains the type of work schedule, and this is not defined for non-workers), no sample selection correction is attempted and (4) is estimated by OLS.
While we found this effect mainly among women, the previous study reported higher effects for men (25%and15%5% for non-workers and workers, respectively) than for women (10% and 8%).
During follow-up, 1,264 workers experienced depression, with an incidence rate of 3.1% for non-injured workers, 4.7% for workers injured outside the workplace, and 5.5% for workers injured at work.
Significant excess in laryngeal cancer and lung cancer mortality is found for non-manual workers and manual workers, respectively.
On the argument that higher wages for unionised workers would push wages down for non-unionised workers, it's equally possible that they can push them up, and there's evidence for both cases.
In the UK the average hourly pay of union workers is £14.77, compared with £12.66 for non-union workers, giving a differential of 16.7 per cent.
Correspondingly, the difference between the attendance impact on marginal productivity and the impact on wage for team workers is also larger than that for non-team workers (0.95 versus −0.02) (Table 4).
