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It is clear that the mechanical responses of the different particles subjected to compressive loading are similar for nominal strains <0.2 and diverge for nominal strains >0.2.
The crack onset strains (COScor) occurs for nominal strains of 1.1 and 1.0%, respectively.
The COS is similar for different GZO coatings and occurs for nominal strains approx. 1%.
Similar(57)
These increases in modulus are significant for compressive nominal strains below 30% and substantially large for strains greater than or equal to 30%.
Figure 12 shows this calculated contact radius as a function of nominal strain, and particle size.
As particle sizes are reduced, they will have a stiffer response to the compressive forces, particularly for nominal compressive strains of at least 30%.
Displacements were applied to the top surface of the model, and the nominal strains and nominal stresses were measured using Equations (1) and (2), respectively.
Furthermore, it is evident that the smaller the diameter of the nanoparticle, the greater the nominal stress for a given nominal strain >0.2.
(a) Nominal stress vs nominal strain for five different particle diameters and for the continuum model.
The cracking densities as a function of the substrate nominal strain for two different GZO coatings (0.53 and 0.86 Pa) are shown in Figure 4a.
Open image in new window Fig. 5 Uni-axial testing results for experiments performed at a nominal strain rate of 1 × 10 −3 s −1.
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