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Since the observed substitution rates were different for each of the four nucleotides, we introduced corrections for multiple substitutions and reversions for each type of the substituted nucleotide instead of one general correction.
The Ka/Ks software package was run using the model averaging (MA) settings and correcting for multiple substitutions.
Open image in new window Scheme 7 Model study for multiple substitutions on PFCA ring Open image in new window Fig. 6 a19F NMR for 1,2-diphenyl perfluoropentenyl ether (1); and b19F NMR of the crude reaction mixture showing third substitution.
It corrects for multiple substitutions.
Kimura correction for multiple substitutions was applied [56].
No attempt was made to correct for multiple substitutions.
Some previous studies did not use the best-fit evolutionary model to correct for multiple substitutions.
Above explained models and programs used here to quantify the nucleotide substitutions correct for multiple substitutions according to their authors.
The Kimura 2-parameter distance estimate was used to correct for multiple substitutions while considering transition and transversion substitution rates [87].
Higher rates of nucleotide substitution are associated with the youngest host/p-endosymbiont assemblages despite correcting for multiple substitutions (Figures 3 and 4).
Neighbour Joining (NJ) trees were constructed in ClustalX v.1.83 using the manually adjusted alignments with the following parameters: 10000 bootstraps, 1000 seeds and correction for multiple substitutions.
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