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We found evidence for multiple introductions of A. artemisiifolia, within regions but also within populations in most parts of its invasive range, leading to high levels of diversity.
(vi) Is there evidence for multiple introductions of P. australis?
Bettencourt extended its R estimator to account for multiple introductions from a reservoir [ 59].
We provide evidence for multiple introductions of CC398 into Scotland, with separate introductions into the human- and livestock-associated clades.
It is possible for multiple introductions to occur, and some outbreaks may have spread from one ward to another.
However, four different genotypes were detected, providing evidence for multiple introductions of different norovirus strains rather than ongoing nosocomial transmissions.
Similar(48)
Thus, these estimates attempt to correct for the possibility of multiple introductions from an exogenous source (Longini and Koopman, 1982; Longini et al., 1982).
Additional support for the existence of multiple introductions was found when NZ3 was recognised as being a common asexual M. persicae clone found in Scotland (clone D in Fenton et al. [ 31]).
An independent estimation of R e for each of these lineages produced a minor but non-significant variation to those observed for the entire epidemic, indicating that, on average, the R e estimates for lineages resulting from multiple introductions were similar.
For a standard epidemic, explicit consideration of multiple introductions is not important as each case produces many secondary infections.
Alternate approaches for classifying matching strains produced estimates of multiple introductions in <38% of households.
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