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For maximum hardness, the key properties must be simultaneously maximized.
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Then, Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used to find optimum aging time and temperature for the target of maximum hardness value.
For P implantation, the depth of maximum hardness increased with increasing implantation energy.
For the maximum hardness the stress is found to be ∼7.7 GPa.
GPC nonbombarded samples showed that hardness depends on the heat treatment temperature (HTT), with a maximum hardness for heat treatment at 1000 °C.
For wet indentation, the maximum hardness is observed at the beginning of the indentation process and gradually decreases to a stable value of about 19.4 GPa.
The maximum hardness value for this zone was observed near the interface and gradually decreased towards the substrate.
Furthermore, the maximum hardness value for the films arrives at 38.9 GPa, which is obtained at Vb = −120 V when fcc-W2N + β-W(N) mixed structure is formed.
It takes 24 hours for the plate to attain its maximum hardness.
The results indicated that the hardness also depends on the copper to nickel thickness ratio and for tCu/tNi≃0.30 the films exhibited a maximum hardness.
The maximum hardness is reached for VC coatings with C/V ratios around unity, decreasing for either higher or lower C/V ratios.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com