The selected indices were able to explain a relatively high proportion of variation in percent vegetation cover in the upland/sloped grassland (R2 = 0.41 for P, 0.45 for CMI, and 0.53 for MPDSI), low variation in the riparian shrub (R2 = 0.25 for P, 0.28 for CMI, and 0.32 for MPDSI), and even lower variation in the valley grassland (R2 = 0.09 for P, 0.14 for CMI, and 0.21 for MPDI).
The reason for the low variation in the MAQC Illumina data is unknown, especially since their study design deliberately split the sample replicates before cRNA synthesis; a much earlier stage in the sample-prep workflow than our replicates (which were split after amplification and labelling).
There was no correlation for SNPs with low variation between lines and a clear correlation for SNPs with more variation between lines.
For assays with low variation in normal and predictable direction of effect, pathologist evaluation of percentage tumor remains useful in determining the likelihood of normal contamination bias or in identifying bounds on correction rates, but less labor intensive sampling strategies may be possible to minimize the cost of these assays.
For example, the most speciose families in this study (Cyperaceae, Poaceae) had moderate or low variation for all three markers.
This indicates that for core genes with low variation there is a selection against mutations leading to amino acid changes, whereas for the highly variable genes, positive selection for amino acid changes seems to be the case.
The constant term a ranged from 2.12 to 4.86 (mean a = 3.50) and the proportionality factor b ranged from undetectable to 0.082; PR1 and PR2 samples showed quite low variation for both a and b (typical of other pairs), while the PR3 sample displayed a relatively high constant term a = 4.86 with a flat slope value b ≈ -0.003 (Table 1, Hybridization variation).
As can be seen from Figure 3, the voltage changes significantly with small change in arc length while low variation occurs for the current.
When conducting research on laboratory animals, experimentalists often strive for the following [1]: replicability (low variation between measurements in a given test), repeatability (low variation among replicate tests within a laboratory), and reproducibility (similar outcomes in comparable experiments from different laboratories).
EEF1A1 was selected as a reference gene for normalization due to its low variation between samples in the microarray analysis.
