These examples in Drosophila, combined with patterns of low variance for upper thermal limits in insects (Addo-Bediako et al. 2000; Deutsch et al. 2008), suggest that evolutionary shifts in heat resistance may be slow.
Another reason for the low variance explained, could be that there were other aspects, which were not included in our questionnaire although it was based on all motivations mentioned by students in the qualitative study.
If individual animals are confronted with a choice between two feeding alternatives, one of which provides a certain amount of food, while the other offers an uncertain yield with the same expected value, they will commonly show a preference for high or low variance.
For a neuron receiving inputs from V1, a low variance for hypercolumn size should help make the distribution of received information more uniform (with minimum bias for a given orientation).
The magnitude of the total variance differed between disease groups, with high variance for CVA, AMIplus and CHF in almost all years and low variance for HIP and KNEE.
Our analysis shows that the algorithm has proven theoretical performance bounds, which gives a low variance for the aggregate bandwidth utilization.
Let us add that from the point of view of information processing, it is not unnatural to expect a low variance for hypercolumn size.
A good approximation of the optimal threshold value is (T_{op}=frac {P_{e}+hat {P}_{e}}{2}), due to the low variance for this kind of measurements.
The Thomson multiple windows (TH) [1] give uncorrelated subspectra and thereby low variance for a stationary white noise process and the window functions are given by the eigenvectors of the Toeplitz covariance matrix with elements given by (10) with (12).
Once again, by calculating (frac {dhat {P}_{fT}}{dT}=0), the optimal threshold value can be found, which can be approximated as (T=frac {P_{e}+hat {P}_{e}}{2P_{e}}) due to the low variance for this kind of measurements.
