Open image in new window Figure 3 Calibration curve of absorbance at 440 nm as a function of FA concentration (mg L −1 ). Figure 4 shows the lipid yields of C. vulgaris and P. subcapitata determined for different light supplies.
This PV system was developed for energy production, ensuring energy independence (electricity for lighting and supply of power for electric equipment with low consumption during a period of 70% from a year) of a house / chalet in an area where connection to the local grid is impossible or would require very high costs to developed electricity grid.
The main reason is the need for a light supply, which (1) has spurred various technologies designed to maximize light use and (2) greatly increases process complexity, as light is a complex parameter to handle.
However, for cultures where light supply was higher (longer light periods and higher irradiance values), stationary phase was not reached at all before the end of the experiment.
Different photoperiods did not influence lipid yields achieved for both microalgae; however, for 96 μE m−2 s−1, continuous light supply led to a significant increase in lipid yields.
In our case study, the system supplies power for lighting, computers, a copy machine, a TV, a refrigerator, charging mobile phones and tools of various kinds.
Renewable sources like solar energy provide readily available and continuous light supply required for driving this conversion process.
As European settlers arrived in the 19th century they began exploiting that connection to help them harvest baleen species to supply oil for lighting and other industrial uses.
The bikeway would rise and fall with the Thames' tides, and solar, tidal and wind energy would supply power for lighting and other needs.
Open image in new window Fig. 15 Monthly electricity cost and carbon dioxide emission with and without photovoltaic supplied electricity for lighting, appliances, HVAC and system losses based on grid electricity: a electricity cost; and b carbon Dioxide emission.
