For example, a new theatre company might use crowdfunding to establish a track record that will make it eligible for larger grants, enabling it to pay its actors; a filmmaker might make a movie that catches the attention of a distributor; or a comic-book artist might build a following for her work, allowing her to sell more copies in bookstores and online.
The rapid expansion of Charles de Gaulle airport at Roissy, 14 miles (23 km) to the north-east of Paris, was also eased through the help of large grants for community facilities and improved transport links.
Most students don't qualify for such large grants and thus live off mainly or exclusively off scant maintenance loans capped at £3,400p/a.
He told me that he has recently applied for a large grant for the study of drugs that target aging rather than specific diseases.
J&J allegedly provided kickbacks to Omnicare through rebates, millions of dollars in exchange for data the pharmacy never provided and large grants for education.
There is also a large increase in spending on new museums and other cultural institutions, including large grants for Lincoln Center, the Guggenheim Museum and the Museum of Modern Art, all of which are undertaking expansion or renovation projects in the next several years.
Recent gifts include $1.2 million for Jazz at Lincoln Center's new home, now being built at the former Coliseum site, and large grants for the Dance Theater of Harlem, New York City Ballet and the New York Public Library.
In a statement, Representative David Obey (D WI), who chairs both the full appropriations committee and the NIH panel, said the bill would allow NIH to spend up to $50 million of its increase on the Cures Acceleration Network (CAN), a program created by the health care reform bill earlier this year that would give out large grants for drug development.
For a large grant-making foundation, the return will fund much of its work, and for a service delivery charity, the vital services it provides.
