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It is tempting to speculate that « mini-core » and core+1/ARFP may share common regulatory elements for internal translation initiation and therefore there could be a link between "mini-core" and core+1/ARFP production in vivo.
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Furthermore, in addition to capped RNA, upstream active translation or ribosomal scanning (in a situation when M1 AUG is deleted) is required for efficient internal translation.
This finding raises the possibility that an internal translation initiation mechanism exists in yeast cells for regulated translation of endogenous mRNAs.
We show using inhibitors and cells from knockout mice that the Mnk1/2 kinase pathway, responsible for the phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF4E, also regulates internal translation of the Cx43 transcript.
These "mini-cores" are synthesized by internal translation initiation from initiator codons in close proximity to AUG-85, the main initiation codon for core+1/ARFP.
Further, the insertional mutagenesis study suggests a requirement for proper spacing between the initiator AUG and the upstream structures of the HCV IRES element for internal initiation of translation.
To quantify this effect among the different plasmids and correct for internal differences in translation and processing of the alanine mutants, densitometry was performed on the unprocessed GagProPol bands and product bands from four separate experiments.
Additionally, it has been shown that the eukaryotic Apaf-1 5' leader undergoes secondary structure changes upon the binding of unr and PTB, allowing for internal initiation of translation [5].
Simple translation for "internal variability": we don't yet know what's causing it.
Jangra, R. K., Yi, M. & Lemon, S. M. DDX6 (Rck/p54) is required for efficient hepatitis C virus replication but not for internal ribosome entry site-directed translation.
Furthermore, our results suggest that the HCV genome is translated in a cap-independent manner and that the sequences immediately upstream of the initiator AUG are essential for internal ribosome entry site function during translation.
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