For instance, in cells exposed to 50 μM of DEHP, Kif23 was up-regulated 17-fold at 24 hrs versus 3-fold at 5 hrs.
Numerous bacterial endosymbionts show complete trait degradation, for instance, in cell envelope biogenesis, regulation of gene expression, and DNA recombination and repair due to gene losses (Burke and Moran 2011; McCutcheon and Moran 2012).
1, 2 For instance in fuel cells, state of the art electrodes for electrooxidation of hydrogen, methanol, ethanol, formic acid, glucose as well as for reduction of oxygen consist of platinum or platinum-alloy catalysts.
For instance, in ATDC5 cells, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK correlates strongly with increased aggrecan gene expression (45), while in bovine articular chondrocytes, increased glycosaminoglycan synthesis is caused by hyperosmotic stimulation and this can be prevented by the application of a p38 MAPK inhibitor (15).
For instance, in mammalian cells, the activation of extracellular regulatory kinase (ERK) often leads to the upregulation or activation of its own phosphatases[ 24].
Except for PI 3-kinases, the above mentioned mediators have previously been reported involved in S100A4-induced signaling [ 10, 12, 15], and the seemingly conflicting results may be explained by cell line specific differences, for instance in expression of cell surface receptors or intracellular signal transduction molecules.
For instance in U2OS cells, we reveal that the induction of transcription of IκBα and cIAP2 is identified early following 3 hours of doxorubicin treatment, and subsequently declines.
Overlaps of functionally distinct chromatin marks have been observed previously, for instance in undifferentiated cells where the co-localization of both open and closed chromatin markers is termed bivalent chromatin [ 54].
For instance, in 3T3 cells, which express high endogenous levels of FGF8, FGF8b treatment for 4 hours significantly increased Fgfr1 mRNA (Fig. 2A), yet had no effect on Fgfr3 (Fig. 2B).
For instance, in yeast cells, nearly all the soluble pool of the DNA checkpoint protein Rad53 is bound to Asf1 (a histone H3/H4 chaperone) in the absence of DNA damage or replication stress.
