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In cereals, the reduction of plant height has been the main target for improving lodging resistance.
Reduction of plant height became a goal for improving lodging resistance in plant breeding.
These results suggested that the QTLs for the densities of cell wall materials in japonica varieties contributed to increased BS and could be utilized for improving lodging resistance in indica rice varieties.
Thus, the new major focus for improving lodging resistance and grain yield is increasing the stem strength of the lower internodes of rice plants (Yao et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2013; Chen and Du 2010).
These results suggested that the QTLs for the densities of cell wall materials in japonica varieties contributed to increased BS and might be utilized for improving lodging resistance in indica varieties of rice.
The substitution of the corresponding segment from Koshihikari into the Takanari genetic background is expected to contribute to an increase in BS and M. The introduction of a superior allele from a japonica variety with weak culm might be utilized for improving lodging resistance in an indica variety.
Selection of certain plant architecture is critical for dense planting and for improving lodging resistance during rice cultivation.
The rht1 and sd1 dwarfing genes have been useful for improving lodging resistance in wheat and rice, respectively, in what has been known as the "Green Revolution".
Rice varieties with the sd1 gene have a shortened culm with improved lodging resistance and a greater harvest index, allowing for the increased use of nitrogen fertilizers (Jennings [1964]).
This so-called rice Green Revolution depended largely on the introduction of the sd1 gene, because the recessive character of the gene results in a shortened culm with improved lodging resistance and a great harvest index, allowing for the increased use of nitrogen fertilizers to improve yield [12, 15].
These would be combined with improved lodging resistance.
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