Sentence examples for for heavy elements from inspiring English sources

Stars are like factories for heavy elements.

For general estimations the EDS errors are at 1% for heavy elements and 2 3% for light elements (Be-F).

Since the SR setup employed monochromatic 38.5 keV radiation while the mobile device employs the complete bremsstrahlung spectrum of Mo- or Rh-anode tubes bombarded with 45 50 kV electrons, the SR setup shows higher Kα-sensitivities for heavy elements (such as Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb) while the reverse is true for elements with atomic number below 40 (Zr).

For the efficient momentum transfer, the atomic weight of the sputtering gas should be close to the atomic weight of the target, so neon or argon is preferable for sputtering of light elements, while krypton or xenon is used for heavy elements (Cuerno and Barabási 1995).

Some predictions for heavier elements follow.

According to the results, the DD neutron generator is significantly more penetrating for heavier elements and less penetrating for organic materials compared to a 60Co gamma source.

In addition, higher depth resolution for heavier elements may be possible by using a Lα/Lβ ratio (as shown for Sn in Fig. 4).

The penetration depth of photonic radiation in the material decreases with increasing atomic number, so there is a better spatial resolution for heavier elements (XPS).

IIn addition to the aforementioned STEM-HAADF imaging, which is best for heavier elements, it is also important to be able to image and quantify the positions of lighter elements.

Thus, considering only K X-ray lines, PIXE is more sensitive to light elements (Al to Zn) because of the strong decrease of ionization cross sections by protons for heavier elements.

Yet, as we descend down a group, there are systematic and regular differences, described by the well known inert pair effect [2 5] - that is, the increasing stability of oxidation states that are two less than the group valency, for heavier elements of the group.