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The present review reports on the mathematical methods and statistical techniques presently available for hazard characterisation.
In recent years the concept of adverse outcome pathways (AOP) has gained some considerable interest among the toxicology community as a basis for outlining the key steps leading to an adverse health outcome, while also providing a framework for focusing future research, and for developing alternative paradigms for hazard characterisation.
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It is concluded that a single method of hazard characterisation would not be suitable for all kinds of risk assessments, and that a range of different approaches is necessary so that the method used is the most appropriate for the data available and for the risk characterisation issue.
Scientific committees such as JECFA are responsible for risk assessment, which includes hazard identification, hazard characterisation, exposure assessment and risk characterisation.
It may be possible to measure hazard characterisation outputs against planned targets for timely delivery, user-friendliness, outcome-focus and temporal/spatial/intensity forecast accuracy.
However, there is a need to extend the use of in vitro tests to hazard characterisation and risk assessment.
In risk assessment, the equivalent steps are hazard identification and hazard characterisation (Table 1).
This approach is also known as the 'risk assessment paradigm' and includes hazard identification, hazard characterisation (dose response analysis), exposure assessment and final risk characterisation as major steps.
P: significance level; ns: not significant; n: number of experts without missing values; HC: Hazard Characterisation; RC: Risk Characterization.
These studies provide important information for risk characterisation.
No validated methods are available for hazard identification and characterisation, and this is due in large part to the fact that there remains considerable uncertainty and debate about the mechanisms through which sensitisation of the respiratory tract is acquired.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com