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Bivalent chromatin domains are silenced loci that maintain their potential for future activation and contain both activating (H3K4me3) and silencing (H3K27me3) PTMs, and the bivalent chromatin domains of stem cells contain dually modified (acetylated and simultaneously ubiquitinated) H2A.Z.
These results suggest that the autosomal genes activated in PS are already epigenetically poised by deposition of active modifications and RNAPII, as well as by reduction of H3K27me3, for future activation.
This dynamic H3K14ac at inactive genes may poise them for future activation.
Thus, on RS active genes, H3K4me2 and Kcr, but not H3K4me3, are already established in PS for future activation in RS.
The authors propose that some enhancers that are bound by Zelda and have H3K27me3 are poised for future activation later in development.
Transient acetylation and deacetylation of these promoters may keep these promoters unexpressed but at the same time primed for future activation upon receiving the external stimuli.
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Thus, presence of H3K14ac and the consequent coordinated action of HATs and HDACs over these inactive genes might poise them for stimuli dependent future activation.
We hypothesized that slow re-activation rates would endow this compartment with a "memory" of the virus subtypes that have undergone prior replication cycles, such that more intense and prolonged infection with drug-resistant virus would increase the fraction of drug-resistant mutants available for future re-activation.
In the same line are the results of Szpunar et al. [23], documenting a right cerebellar/left premotor activation for future scenarios, while no specific activations were described for scenarios referring to the past.
However, as the most important in vivo test is best carried out with a kinase of which the activity is decreased upon illumination, construct C11 was not used in the studies of the shuttling of HOG1; it may, however, be of interest for future studies of gene activation in S. cerevisiae (c.f. Fig. 3).
Their relative enrichment during in vitro cultivation and the ability of cell sorting to obtain more homogeneous populations offer interesting perspectives for future studies on the activation of regenerative processes within osteoarthritic joints.
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