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The men who asked for formal help were also dinged.
27 The social services system might also be less responsive to the needs of female caregivers for formal help because it is assumed that they can manage by themselves, particularly regarding IADL.
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However, a few randomised controlled trials have identified effective interventions for increasing formal help seeking among young adults.
Ranges of scores for POs scale, Formal Help and Informal Help scales remained stable (POs without item 12: mean = 2.65; SD = 0.76; Formal Help without item 12: mean = 3.41; SD = 1.12).
Additional information concerning help-seeking behavior will be used as a secondary outcome measure, which includes 1) intention to seek help, assessed for the 11 formal help sources, 2) work as content of the consultation of various caregivers, 3) frequency of visits to the caregivers and 4) informal help-seeking behavior towards family or friends.
The outcome measure help-seeking behavior is dichotomized into 'did seek formal help' for participants who had made use of any of the 11 caregivers and 'did not seek formal help' if none of the 11 caregivers were visited.
Furthermore, research has shown that informal caregivers can act as a "bridge" between the patient and formal care, facilitating formal care [ 54] by initiating the process of acquiring formal help for their home-bound older relatives [ 37].
In the first study, Begum et al 9 conducted a qualitative study examining the experiences of nine persons who sought formal help for memory complaints to those of nine who did not seek such help.
It may be that once we better understand the role of informal and formal help for people in a population, then we would be in a better position to implement Kleinman's [ 7] ideas about matching perceptions of problems, and then offering interventions that 'fit' better.
The process of "bridging" has been proposed to explain the higher odds of using health care services among older people relying on family caregivers; in this model, it is hypothesized that informal carers may act as advocate in acquiring formal help services for their older relatives [ 22].
Younger generations of women may instead use formal help to compensate for the limited time available for caregiving because of their work and other commitments.
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