For the facial skeleton, the relative warp 1 shows that the samples from Arroyo Seco 2 and the four samples corresponding to the Middle and Earlier Late Holocene from East Central Argentina separate themselves from the four Later Late Holocene samples of the same region (Fig. 3A).
Hydroxyapatite is a biocompatible alloplast and a proven alternative for augmentation of the facial skeleton, having been used and studied for over two decades [ 10, 17– 17].
Over a 1-year period (2004 2005), 24 patients underwent augmentation of the facial skeleton for aesthetic enhancement using porous hydroxyapatite granules (Pro Osteon 200, Interpore Cross International, Irvine, CA).
The vertical height of the facial skeleton, for instance, increases continuously with age unless supervening factors such as tooth loss intervene.
Beginning with Snyder's description of dermal grafts for treating malar facial agenesis in 1956 [ 41], many techniques and materials have since been used for augmentation of the facial skeleton.
Such information will surely prove useful for radiologists, who may have small patients suffering from choanal atresia, stenosis of the pyriform aperture, or other developmental anomalies within the facial skeleton, for which CT is the examination method of choice.
Radiographic results confirmed that the use of porous hydroxyapatite granules for enhancement of the facial skeleton is not only a predictable procedure, but maintains full bony projection at 2 years.
This study provides clear radiographic evidence that porous hydroxyapatite granules maintain bony and overall projection at 2 years when used for augmentation of the facial skeleton in the aesthetic patient.
In recent years, augmentation for selected areas of the facial skeleton has become a powerful adjunct in our approach to facial rejuvenation.
