This structural test allows demonstrating the feasibility of applying static optical FBG sensors to study the behavior and performance of civil engineering infrastructures even for extreme loading events.
Behaviour of RC panels, designed without consideration for extreme loading was investigated to analyse their damage and failure modes under different blast scenarios.
Existing design codes and guidelines for structures subject to normal loading are relatively mature and comprehensive, while the codified treatment of structural robustness for extreme loading has tended to be less rational and based on prescriptive rules.
Structural safety for extreme loads that may cause local damage to single primary components or even the progressive collapse of the structure has been probabilistically assessed in a few studies, hence neglecting uncertainties in loads and system capacity.
The strong backbone line system is to be designed for extreme loading scenario with additional considerations including debris loading, wind-storm surge interactions and local geospatial condition with multiple wind directions.
However, due to their ubiquitous deployment and limited design for extreme loading events, basic network elements, such as cellular towers and antennas are prone to failures during adverse weather conditions such as hurricanes.
In this context, this paper presents a review of the state of art on analysis and design methods in use for glass facades, with careful consideration for extreme loading configurations, including natural events, such as seismic events, extreme wind or other climatic exposures, and man-made threats, i.e. blast loads and fire.
Although the number of terror-and explosion-related incidents associated with military and terrorist activities is increasing globally, the existing design procedure for civil infrastructures does not consider a protective design for extreme loading scenarios such as blast, impact, and fire loading.
Evaluation and subsequent strengthening of new and existing types of these members for extreme loading cases, such as explosion or blast, require a realistic and pragmatic design approach to be formulated and for which there is a significant dearth of scientific data in the literature.
