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Finally, we excluded 6 (2.4%) participants because no biological samples were available for exposure analysis.
Thus, if blood is to be sampled for determination of arsenic for exposure analysis, careful planning and a consistent sampling strategy should be employed.
The general methods used to complete measurements of human exposures are identified and illustrations are provided for the cases of indirect and direct methods used for exposure analysis.
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Thus, consideration of age of the population studied may be important for arsenic exposure analysis.
Because the laboratory procedures and types of specimens used for PCB exposure analysis varied across studies, the severity of exposure is estimated from the median PCB congener no.
Thus, for complete exposure analysis and risk assessment in the general population, iAs intake from food should be considered in addition to iAs intake from drinking water.
Application of the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) concept is recommended for ranking and prioritizing risks from exposure to chemicals for which there is a lack of toxicity data, but which may be present in food at low concentrations and for which exposure analysis can provide sound intake estimates (Kroes et al., 2004).
We used the same criteria for selecting differentially expressed genes in the washout conditions [ANCOVA (PA and exposure) p < 10-4 and > 1.8-fold change] that we used for the continuous exposure analysis.
This approach reportedly works well for individual occupational exposure analysis (e.g., preshift and postshift samples from the same person) if the analyte measured behaves similarly to creatinine in the kidney (Boeniger et al. 1993).
Richard and Cook even proposed a mechanistic approach to the exposure analysis for environmental risk assessment [ 9].
In addition to year of first use, several other metrics were imputed for the lifetime cumulative exposure analysis.
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