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Infection rates were high for exposed groups in both replicates, with 36 of 42 fully-engorged mosquitoes infected in replicate I and 32 of 39 infected in replicate II.
When exposure-response relationships were evaluated in the NCI industrial worker cohort, associations were reported for peak exposure (ptrend =.01 for exposed groups) and average intensity (ptrend =.05 for exposed groups) but not for cumulative exposure, cumulative number of peaks ≥4.0 ppm (data not reported), or duration of exposure (data not reported) (Beane Freeman et al., 2009).
These null results were consistent with analyses of this cohort through 1994based on every exposure metric except peak exposure, for which risks were increased (RR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.08-7.21, pttend=.02 for exposed groups, ptrend=.0087 for all groups) (Beane Freeman et al., 2009; Hauptmann et al., 2003).
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Although Hg exposure from freshwater ecosystems is important for highly exposed groups (e.g., recreational and subsistence fishers), for the average U.S. individual most fish consumed comes from the commercial market.
As risks in a general unselected population are likely to be higher than in a selected one, it is possible that the risks given here underestimate those that are applicable to a general population; they are more likely to be correct for occupationally exposed groups subject to a similar degree of healthy-worker selection as those considered here.
We calculated denominator periods for exposed and non exposed groups by year, myopathy code and drug class.
Unscheduled DNA synthesis increased gradually with increasing As concentrations in urine and hair (Table 1), whereas spontaneous DNA synthesis showed a dramatic decrease from approximately 1,150 cpm for the external control group to approximately 200 and 300 for all four exposed groups.
Generally, compliance with most PPE requirements tends to be suboptimal for the highly exposed groups [ 45].
Although North American emissions controls may reduce mercury exposure by up to 50% for certain highly exposed groups such as indigenous peoples in the Northeast, the potential effects of emissions controls on populations consuming marine fish from the commercial market are less certain because of limited measurements.
Threshold doses of PTZ were significantly lower in 100, 200 and 400 ppm lead exposed groups for the induction of all seizure stages.
Therefore, we tested with Chi-squared analysis for differences between the exposed groups (Table 1).
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