Importantly, this anthropogenic change can either have negative or positive impacts; for example, increased turbidity can provide enhanced safety for prey (Vogel and Beauchamp 1999; Ferrari et al. 2010a).
High solids content occurs for example in high turbidity surface waters, wastewaters that contain fibrous materials or in waters where coagulants are added.
For example, if a one unit reduction in turbidity levels implies 10 additional monetary units in treatment costs, the water company's maximum WTP for watershed services will be 10.
However, it is important to note that ASD will vary even among different homogenous samples, for example depending on birefringence orientation or sample turbidity.
For example, in cichlids LWS opsin expression varies with water turbidity and it appears that population-level variation in wavelength sensitivity has played a role in variation in male colouration [21].
If you are also concerned about health effects, for example, from microbial cysts, lead, asbestos, pesticides and herbicides, mercury and turbidity, look for a product that meets Standard 53.
For example, with γ-FBS that had been irradiated with 20 kGy, turbidity was seen to peak at 1% γ-FBS after 1 month of incubation, shifting thereafter to peak at 3% γ-FBS by 2 months (Fig. 6, FBS panel, "20 kGy").
The treatment cost of an additional turbidity unit is thus equivalent to the company's potential willingness to pay for any measure that reduces turbidity by the same amount (see avoided cost method, for example, in Perman et al. [2003]).
For example, Broad Sound Channel and Shoalwater Bay, north of the Fitzroy River mouth, are areas where high turbidity occurs in the absence of plumes, mostly associated with strong tidal currents (Kleypas 1996), resulting in low confidence for accurate classification.
For example, windblown and surf zone sands are well-rounded, while glacial sands and turbidity current deposits are angular.
