The US Navy, for example, was in need of a real-time kernel with deterministic performance characteristics in order to develop anti-missile technologies for their fleet.
A stone-walled, two-bedroom property in Villespassans, for example, is in need of some updating but is ready to live in and on the market for 48,000 euros.
A number of challenges are set aboard HMS Deter, for example, which is in need of urgent repairs: "As the Lieutenant in charge, the player makes crucial decisions, as they would as an Engineering Officer – from fixing the engine or preparing for a simulated missile attack, to re-wiring the radar system".
Arguments can (and have) been made on both sides, but to define need, for example, in terms of capacity to benefit and then argue that the greater the wellbeing deliverable by rescue, the greater the need for rescue (or the greater is the person's interest in receiving rescue,) is just to beg the crucial question.
The narrow definition of success that mainstream schools are subjected to makes it difficult for them to offer the flexibility that we know is needed – for example, in terms of the curriculum.
This option is also of use when a subset of plots is needed, for example in view of data publication.
There are, however, situations where an RCT is not specifically needed, for example, in case of a 'dramatic' or 'immediate' effect.
The nasogastric tube (NGT) is used in a wide variety of patients to provide gastric decompression when needed, for example, in cases of gastric-outlet [ 1– 3] or small-bowel obstruction [ 4] (Fig. 1).
17 20 23 There may, however, be conditions where randomisation and a control group are not specifically needed, for example, in case of a 'dramatic' or 'immediate' effect, since it is less likely that the effect will be explained by (unknown) confounders only.
However, this may depend on the start-up costs needed (for example, in the case of automated calls, the purchase of dialer equipment) and may vary based on target population [ 35- 38].
