For example, in a retrospective study of 2441 patients with breast cancer, HER2 overexpression was associated with a 3.4-fold increase in the risk of cerebral metastases [ 10].
4 5 6 7 8 9 For example, in a retrospective study based on the Malmö Preventive Project, 60 year old men who gave blood in 1981-2 as part of a cardiovascular study were followed to age 85.
For example, in a retrospective study of 160 patients from the ASCENT Androgen-- Independentrialstate CRPcer Study of Calevelsol Enhappearedaxotore) trial, CRP levels appeared to be a predictor of poorer survival [ 8].
For example, in a retrospective study of S. Typhi incidence in vaccinated vs unvaccinated travelers in Nepal, 88 100 % of travelers from North America, Western Europe and Australia were vaccinated, and vaccines were estimated to be 95%% effective [ 15].
For example, in a retrospective study of patients who experienced delays in diagnosis for colorectal cancer, about one-third experienced an average of 5.3 diagnostic process breakdowns, including missed appointments for diagnostic tests without apparent provider awareness.
Re-challenge with the same agent has been examined in those with prior response; for example, in a retrospective study, 23 patients who exhibited long response with sunitinib first-line treatment were re-challenged with sunitinib after progression on prior sunitinib were reported.
For example, in a large retrospective study of 5,694 cases of endometrial cancer in the US, serous and clear cell tumors together represented 13% of diagnoses but accounted for 47% of deaths [ 6].
For example, a retrospective study of acute pain in the emergency department found that patients' pain intensity ratings played an insignificant role in providers' decision to administer opioid medications [ 45].
For example, a retrospective study comparing hypotensive pregnant women with their normotensive peers found there was an increased risk of preterm birth, IUGR and complications such as meconium stained liquor and post partum hemorrhage in the hypotensive group [ 3].
For example, in retrospective studies, patient populations are often biased towards patients with available tumour specimens.
For example, in retrospective studies follow‐up data may be missing or may have been captured at times of intercurrent illness, hence blunt endpoints, such as dialysis dependence or mortality, are used.
