For example, crowd sourcing services such as Mechanical Turk could be used [51].
For example, Crowd Factory will take a contest held by a brand and socialize the campaign, increasing interactions and responses.
For example, CROWD [1] and METIS [2] are FP7 projects for the 5G system in EDHs that propose high level architectural models (i.e., it is not much detailed).
However, the consumer often incurs other costs (c), in addition to the paid price, that is, disbursements, travel expenses, time loss, and stress from congestion or competition, for example, crowded local markets.
Conversely, constraints on urban space may amplify dis economies of cities: if the economic advantages of a given city lead to further in-migration, for example, crowding and congestion will increase, as will the cost of housing (Ottaviano and Peri 2006; Saiz 2007).
New means for ground-based data collection are emerging though, for example crowd-sourcing could become an important source of geocoded land use data [ 56] and can help to validate global land use maps [ 50 ].
Situational factors are also important; for example, crowded, noisy, smoky, and provocative environments facilitate aggression (Bushman and Cooper, 1990; Graham et al., 1998; Wells et al., 2005).
For example, crowded, low-income neighborhoods in our study area may receive fewer public services such as neighborhood pest control and housing code enforcement.
These include innovative ways of collaborating; conceptualizing risk; creating, storing, and sharing data, for example, through crowd sourcing; and co-designing and co-producing research with stakeholders.
The system's backend needs to be considered as two separate sub-systems: (1) the system for administrating the smartphone apps (i.e. for creating the layout and content JSON files) and (2) the system for collecting and analyzing the recorded sensor data whose output is, for example, the crowd density heat map.
Makerble.com, for example, combines crowd-funding and micro-finance.
