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The forest plot (figure 5) and the HSROC plot (figure 6) for the reagent strip for proteinuria reveal greater heterogeneity for estimates of sensitivity than specificity.
Bias in percentage, mean standard error (SE) and 95% confidence interval coverage probability (CP) are collected and compared for estimates of sensitivity, specificity, prevalence, PPV, NPV, LR + and LR −.
Bias in percentage(Bias%), mean standard error (meanSE) and 95% confidence interval coverage probability (CP) are summarized for estimates of sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), prevalence (Prev), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR+) and negative likelihood ratio (LR −) from different models.
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These analyses often consist of three steps: assessment of study quality, creation of forest plots for sensitivity and specificity for each study, and summarisation of estimates of sensitivity and specificity using two types of models.
Therefore, the confidence intervals for estimates of the sensitivity of new tests, or for differences in sensitivity between new and existing tests, will require screening tens of thousands of women, to detect at least 100 cancers.
The forest plot (figure 3) and the HSROC curve (figure 4) for the reagent strip for microhaematuria reveal heterogeneity for estimates of both sensitivity and specificity.
Forest plots (figure 9) and ROC plots (figure 10) for this test reveal a high degree of heterogeneity for estimates of both sensitivity and specificity.
Different test strategies (SITA, SITA Fast used with HFA II, and full threshold (FT) used in VirtualEye) may produce somewhat different results for estimates of retinal sensitivity.
We set a clinically acceptable precision at 10% for estimates of both sensitivity (true positive rate: 85% to 95%) and specificity (true negative rate: 60%70%%), and calculated that 125 patients would be needed to achieve such a precision.
The forest plot (figure 7) and the HSROC plot (figure 8) for the reagent strip for leukocyturia reveal greater heterogeneity for estimates of specificity than sensitivity.
However for individual instruments, estimates of sensitivity and specificity varied significantly between studies.
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