In 2006, for instance, researchers at University of California, Los Angeles, used brain imaging to show that multitaskers were less effective learners.
Prof. E. D. Hirsch of the University of Virginia, for example, promotes the idea that teachers should impart, and students master, a specific body of information; students become effective learners, he asserts, as their knowledge expands.
"Healthier children are more effective learners, and girls who spend less time fetching water have more time for school".
These devices allow students to be more effective learners than any generation before.
Thirdly, deep learners may be effective learners in any setting.
Practicing clinicians are highly strategic and very effective learners.
Psychometric data as well as learning logs should be collected in order to analyze learners' behaviors for effective learning support, and in particular, learning styles such as SRL should be helpful (Roll and Winne 2015).
Heinich, Molenda, Russell, and Smaldino (2001) showed the need for examining learner characteristics for effective instructional technology use and showed that user characteristics do impact on behavioral intention to use technology.
Therefore, there is a need for effective methods that enable to track learners activities and extract conclusions about the learning process in order to support personalized and networked VBL.
Instead, the focus should be narrowed to questions of the type: whether game design elements G are effective for learners of type L participating in activity of type A. All these indicate a need of a systematic program of experimental studies mapping game elements to the learning and motivational specifics of individual (groups of) learners.
