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The initial value of the noise spectrum for each utterance file was given by the average of all of the noise segments in that file.
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As a post-process, just the best K hypothesis for each utterance is kept in the final output file.
More specifically, for each utterance specified by an input text, DECtalk generates an output file having 18 parameters that can be mapped to the 13 parameters of the HLSyn synthesizer [18] input file through a script developed in Java by our group and called DEC2HLSyn.
A 28,672 dimensional GSV is extracted for each utterance.
This supplements the existing LDC corpus with four reference translations for each utterance in the transcripts.
M and N denote the number of utterances and the number of hypotheses for each utterance, respectively.
For each stress condition, 1260 utterances were considered and for each utterance, nine different speakers were considered, both male and female.
Fig. 1 Construction of source and target dictionaries for each utterance.
To measure the agreement among the annotators, the standard deviations can be calculated for each utterance.
In the test stage, from the before- and after-utterance sections in the observed signal, the noise dictionary is extracted for each utterance.
Fb must be estimated for each utterance, but is assumed to be constant for each speaker [21].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com