While genetic knock down and chemical proteomics studies are key for discovery, inherent limitations of the latter approaches, including the potential of an observed phenotype being indirect due to an effect on the kinase interactome, do not allow them to stand alone for initial target validation.
We expanded the Introduction section (within the text size limitations for Discovery notes) to address it to a broader audience.
Gene expression microarray technology has become a powerful tool for discovery, although this technology had some limitations such as high cost of experiments, limited sample size, and lack of standardization on data analysis.
It included tougher burdens of proof for investors, shorter statutes of limitation, limits on pretrial discovery, limits on liability for accountants, and rules forcing the loser to pay legal costs.
For instance, in the Kavli video contest entry by Belén Mella, titled "Science Knows All," the film adroitly conveys that the world of science has no limitations in its potential for discovery and new innovation.
Overall, we know that p-values have a variety of weaknesses when being used in scientific reasoning [ 11, 12], and we should recognize these limitations by reinforcing our frameworks for discovery and validation.
There are advantages, challenges, and limitations associated with the use of animal models for discovery and development of epigenetic inhibitors.
In light of these limitations, this approach is most useful as a platform for discovery, generating a system-level hypothesis for metabolic adaptation to hypoxia, which must be followed up by detailed experiments.
The limitations of this study include the use of pooled samples for discovery and the relatively small sample sizes.
Even when all of the above limitations are met there has been a considerable shortage of quality specimens for discovery and validation studies that overcome the biases inherent in retrospective samples [ 5].
