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Although just one particular simulation, what is critical is that co-evolutionary behavior results in path dependence of economic and cultural change as well as being a key determinant for development outcomes.
The bottom line here is that the success and failure of the much-debated resource-backed financing models will be determined not on the basis of categorical assessments of each model as "good" or "bad" for development outcomes.
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Matt Andrews, associate professor, Harvard Kennedy school, Durban, South Africa @governwell Ask hard questions: The role of the private sector in both the Financing for Development outcome document and the post-2015 development agenda has been a critical issue for civil society organisations.
This has significant consequences for monitoring development outcomes, perhaps most clearly seen during humanitarian crises.
In the framework, increases in the number of donors are hypothesized to increase inter-donor competition, transaction costs, donor poaching of recipient staff, recipient control over aid, and donor fragmentation, and to decrease donors' sense of accountability for overall development outcomes.
Both Chevron and Total have in general acknowledged the potential for positive development outcomes through revenue transparency, and both companies in effect recognize that revenue secrecy is increasingly indefensible.
Maulik and Darmstadt (2009) review 53 studies set in high-, middle- and low-income countries that focus on play, reading, music, stimulation and growth improvement interventions and find direct and indirect benefits for child development outcomes.
In a subsequent analysis, breast-milk DHA and EPA, sex, season of birth, age of treatment commencement, and, only for cognitive development outcomes, the highest level of maternal schooling were added as extra covariates to the regression models.
21 United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition (SCN), 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation: Nutrition for improved development outcomes, SCN, March 2004, p. 14. 22 Mason, J., J. Rivers and C. Helwig, 'Recent Trends in Malnutrition in Developing Regions: Vitamin A deficiency, anemia, iodine deficiency, and child underweight', Food and Nutrition Bulletin, vol. 26, 2005, pp. 28 34.
Figure 1 Framework on analyzing factors and conditions for organizational performance and processes required for achieving agriculture development outcomes.
The mean (and 95% CI) scores for the neurobehavioural development outcomes at each time point (as described for aim 1) will be plotted separately for children within each category.
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