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The large heterogeneity in terms of specific treatments and disease duration hampers the interpretation of some associations but it is of help for defining the risk of developing vitamin D deficiency.
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If a measure of blood glucose were to be used to define the risk of developing diabetes, then it would seem logical to use the same test for diagnosis and informing treatment decisions (7).
This second approach reduces the potential confounding that developing an initial AIDS defining disease may increase the risk of developing a second one [32].
The same could be said for sleep disturbances and the risk of developing depression".
Dietary recommendations for omega-3 PUFA, previously focused on ensuring their sufficient intake to prevent deficiency, are increasingly seeking to define an "optimal" intake to reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases, in particular cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
The association links "forward-leaning posture" (defined as dropping the head forward and rounding the shoulders) with the risk of developing hyperkyphosis in old age.
The risk of developing solid tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract in this population has been less defined.
CIN defined as a rise of 0.5 mg of serum creatinine developed in 29% of the control group, while captopril reduced the risk of developing CIN by 79%.
Genetic susceptibility for islet autoimmunity is well documented (2), and environmental factors are assumed to modify the genetically defined risk of developing islet autoantibodies (1, 3).
"Needs", however, is defined as "at risk of developing symptoms".
Quintiles of risk were derived and 'high risk' defined as ≥20% risk of developing type 2 diabetes in 10 years.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com