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Brazil is a country that is as vast as a continent, so we need a proper railway system, especially for grain and ore outflow, and for container transport.
The problem is different from the previous container transport problems and the existing approaches for container transport problems and vehicle routing pickup and delivery are either not suitable or inefficient.
A similar analysis was performed for container transport to and from the Port of Rotterdam, but this case study is not described in this paper.
For container transport, the average total external costs of inland shipping are 78% below those of road and 68% below those of railway transport.
Open image in new window Fig. 2 Marginal external costs (MEC) of freight transport on specific trajectories for container transport (in eurocent per 100 ton-kilometer) Planco Consulting GmbH, 2007.
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International Gateway Ports: Ports serving as international gateways both for bulk and container transport (18 ports).
Figure 2 summarizes the external costs from traffic noise, accidents, climate gas and air pollution for three freight container transport modes: road, rail and inland waterway [25].
International Strategic Ports: International container-hub ports (5 ports) International Gateway Ports: Ports serving as international gateways both for bulk and container transport (18 ports) Important Ports: Ports serving mainly domestic sea routs (102 ports) Regional Ports: Other ports mainly serving regional uses, such as ferries connecting small islands with the mainland (808 ports).
Van der Horst and De Langen [16] emphasized the need for coordination in hinterland container transport chains.
The question then arises: when, if ever, will the ice conditions allow for continuous and economically feasible container transport along the route?" The greatest potential for the use of ice-reinforced container ships was found if the speed of global warming increased and the price of fuel is high.
For a substantial number of countries, including France, the UK and most Baltic countries RoRo is more important for short sea shipping than container transport.
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for container shipments
for container ship
for container supply
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for electron transport
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