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A further consideration is adequate control for confounding parameters, such as inflammation, damage and physical activity.
The number of transfused RBCs was significantly correlated with all of the analyzed clinical outcomes even after adjusting for confounding parameters (Table 3, Additional file 2).
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We therefore studied the association between thyroid hormones and erythrocyte indices in a population-based cohort of older euthyroid subjects, with adjustment for major confounding parameters.
Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CIs for the mortality categories were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models, which enabled adjustment for potential confounding parameters.
As shown in Figure 1, even after adjusting for the confounding parameters, MPV in the prediabetic group (Q4) was higher than in other groups.
After adjusting for the confounding parameters, MPV of the prediabetic group was higher than that in other groups (P < 0.001 for Q4 vs. Q1 and Q2, and P < 0.05 for Q4 vs. Q3).
Significant regression coefficient between AHSG levels and 1-year mortality was found even after adjustment for the confounding parameters listed above both in the model including creatinine and INR and in the one using MELD instead.
Beyond the study endpoint, the remaining gaps were further analysed in a post hoc analysis to determine if 'Minimum FTI' was still the predictive factor (as it was in EFFICAS I), or if secondary confounding parameters were discriminative for those gaps.
Rheumatic diseases were tested for associations with gender, age, or other confounding parameters using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
This limits the selection of measured confounding parameters strongly, precisely because many relevant parameters are difficult to obtain completely for all patients before electronic documentation is deployed.
To control for confounding, the following parameters were recorded: the patient's weight at follow-up, work status (yes/no), and whether he/she was living alone or had a partner (yes/no) (data not shown).
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