Multiple confounding measures were controlled for.
Thus, more research is required to address this question using both men and women and to examine these relationships at different stages of the lifespan, whilst controlling for premorbid intelligence and other potential confounding measures.
We then added variables to control for confounding: clinical measures (BMI, lung function), smoking, and the DI.
Other confounding measures are those that quantify colony stress.
The ability of the self-controlled case series method to control for confounding both measured and unmeasured will be of particular practical value in pharmacoepidemiology.
We did examine our results with the addition of more covariates and found little change in the effect measures (Additional file 1: Table S3), suggesting that we adequately controlled for confounding due to measured covariates.
Logistic regression analyses were employed to control for confounding demographics and measure independent relationships between childhood violence and happiness and adult MWB (SWEMWBS individual components and overall score), LS, life worth and trust.
In general, adjustment for confounding with an imperfect measure of that confounder leads to the possibility of residual confounding.
The high accuracy supports the use of ICD-10 codes in future research to control for confounding by comorbidity as measured by the Charlson comorbidity index.
Changes for each measure were assessed by linear mixed model with repeated measures adjusted for confounding variables.
