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ECs were grown in DMEM medium, in a SMC-conditioned medium in normal gravity (SMC CM + 1 g) and in a SMC-conditioned medium in simulated microgravity (SMC CM + MG) (see Section 2.4 for conditioned medium details).
The burst is critical for behavioral learning of appetitive tasks such as conditioned place preference and T-maze choices for food or cocaine reward and for conditioned fear responses [ 9].
Pavlov in Russia offered temporary associative connections in the nervous system as a hypothetical basis for conditioned reflexes.
Fig. 1 Overview of the study design for conditioned pain modulation (CPM).
Fatigue results dispersion after peening was the smallest for conditioned cut wire shots CW14.
Three hydrated lime (HL) mixtures were evaluated and compared with control mixtures (CMs) for conditioned samples (CSs).
An optimal centrifugation time of 20 minutes and centrifugation container volume of 50 mL at 70 80% full of FS for conditioned FS were obtained.
For conditioned taste avoidance, however, vasopressin prolongs extinction when injected peripherally before acquisition tests and accelerates extinction when infused intracerebroventricularly after acquisition.
Once animals consistently discriminated between the aversive (AX+) and safe (BX−) cues, measured by greater startle amplitude in the presence of AX vs. BX, they were tested for conditioned inhibition by eliciting startle in the presence of a novel ambiguous combined cue (AB).
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Private ownership was permitted, but in 1970s New York pinball machines found their way into Wall Street brokerage firms, Harlem's pornographic shops, and legend has it, the psychology department at Hunter College in the City University of New York – their shells providing handy mazes for conditioned-response experiments to assess how quickly rats can escape from them.
Honeybees were conditioned with two odors, each paired with a different outcome, presented in a pseudorandom sequence (ABBABAABABBA, where A = CS+ and B = CS−) with an intertrial interval of 5 min for a total of 12 trials using an established protocol for conditioned proboscis extension [ 24].
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