Sentence examples for for common environment from inspiring English sources

In accordance with previous studies (Agrawal et al. 2005; Kendler et al. 1999; van den Bree et al. 1998) we hypothesized heavier use (i.e. the progression of marijuana use, rather than initiation) to be more strongly influenced by genetic factors with a reduced role for common environment.

For all of these there is greater evidence of cis-trans epistasis affecting expression than an influence of common environment, and for 9 of the 15 the interaction effect was more than the estimated combined direct genetic contribution of both cis and trans variants (Supplementary file 1C).

Consistent with adult-based findings, most studies found a greater role for the common environment on initiation of substance use and greater genetic influence on heavier/problem use [ 13, 14, 19, 20].

A fixed contemporary group effect (hatch) adjusted for the common environment effect that influenced a group of birds hatched on the same date and managed in the same contemporary group.

The fixed contemporary group effect (hatch) was used to account for the common environment effect that influenced birds hatched on the same date and managed in the same group.

Hatch was a fixed contemporary group effect to account for the common environment of group of birds hatched and managed together, animal represents the random additive genetic effect, and e the residual random effect.

The slightly lower estimate for vertebral number in this alternative approach could be due to the fact that animal model estimates did not account for maternal (and common environment; see Methods) effects.

Five clutches of American alligators were reared for 1 year in a common environment then assessed for the presence of clutch effects as they related to morphological and physiological characteristics.

We reared the insects individually for a generation in a common environment to control for possible effects of the parental environment and to eliminate a host-specific pathogen Nosema tyriae from laboratory populations, using the methods of Karacetin (2007).

A common environment for the Hedgehog (Subfamily: Erinaceinae) is a row of shrubs and trees often used on farms for enclosing or separating fields, called a hedgerow.

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