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This method includes the following steps: forward translation, experts' qualitative interviews, backward translation, pilot testing on patients (for checking the readability and understanding of items) and consensus about the final version (see Appendix 2).
First, its machine learning technology translates the text from source into the target language, at which point it uses its Mechanical Turk-style distribution system to assign editing tasks to the right translators, who then check the translation for errors and for stylistic inconsistencies.
A scholar in Sinhala also checked the translation.
A psychiatrist checked the translation and back translation of the depression questions.
Professional translators then translated the transcripts into English, and an additional professional translator checked the translations for thoroughness and accuracy.
JJC developed the codes, coded the CHW transcripts, checked the translations for quality, and contributed to writing the case stories.
AJT cross checked the translations.
Two bi-lingual authors checked the translations twice.
Unfortunately, nobody had bothered to check the English translations.
Then two bilingual persons checked the machine translations to indicate whether the translation was correct or provide their own suggestions.
For Moroccan mothers, the questionnaires had been translated into Moroccan-Arabic and to check the accuracy of the translation we performed an independent back translation into Dutch.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com